Small Animal Critical Care Medicine

Part I: Assessment and Triage


1. Physical examination


2. Patient triage


3. Survival prediction index

Part II: Frequently Encountered Problems in the Intensive Care Unit


4. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation


5. Fever


6. Hypotension


7. Oliguria


8. Deteriorating mental status


9. Tachypnea and hypoxemia


10. Shock


11. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)


12. Nosocomial infections and zoonoses


13. Enteral nutrition


14. Parenteral nutrition

Part III: Respiratory Disorders


15. Respiratory failure


16. Upper airway disease


17. Endotracheal intubation


18. Tracheostomy


19. Oxygen therapy


20. Allergic airway disease and asthma


21. Pulmonary edema


22. Pneumonia


23. Aspiration pneumonitis and pneumonia


24. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome


25. Pulmonary contusions and hemorrhage


26. Ventilator associated lung injury


27. Pulmonary thromboembolism


28. Smoke inhalation


29. Atelectasis


30. Pleural space disease


31. Thoracocentesis


32. Thoracostomy tube placement and drainage


33. Chest wall disease


34. Non-respiratory “look-alikes”

Part IV: Cardiovascular Disorders


35. Cardiogenic shock


36. Left ventricular failure


37. Feline cardiomyopathy


38. Canine cardiomyopathy


39. Valvular heart disease


40. Myocardial contusion


41. Myocardial infarction


42. Hypertensive crisis


43. Pericardial diseases


44. Pericardial tamponade


45. Bradyarrhythmias and conduction disturbances


46. Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias


47. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias


48. Myocarditis


49. Arterial catheterization


50. Pulmonary arterial catheterization


51. Temporary transvenous pacing


52. Trancutaneous pacing


53. Cardioversion and defibrillation

Part V: Electrolyte and Acid-Base Disturbances


54. Sodium disorders


55. Potassium disorders


56. Calcium disorders


57. Magnesium disorders


58. Phosphate disorders


59. Acid-base disturbances


60. Lactic acidosis

Part VI: Fluid Therapy


61. Peripheral venous catheterization


62. Intraosseous catheterization


63. Central venous catheterization


64. Daily intravenous fluid therapy


65. Shock fluids and fluid challenge


66. Transfusion medicine

Part VII: Endocrine Disorders


67. Diabetic ketoacidosis


68. Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome


69. Hypoglycemia


70. Diabetes insipidus


71. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone


72. Thyroid storm


73. Myxedema coma


74. Pheochromocytoma


75. Relative Adrenal insufficiency


76. Hypoadrenocorticism

Part VIII: Intoxications


77. Approach to poisoning and drug overdose


78. Ethylene glycol


79. Acetominophen and salicylates


80. Illicit drugs


81. Rodenticides


82. Sedative, muscle relaxant, and narcotic overdose


83. Calcium channel and beta-block drug overdose


84. Digoxin overdose


85. Cyanide


86. Carbon monoxide


87. Methemoglobinemia


88. Cyclic antidepressant drug overdose


89. Anticholineric poisonings


90. Serotonin syndrome


91. Anticholinesterase toxicity


92. Ivermectin toxicity


93. Pyrethrins


94. Snake envenomation


95. Spider bite

Part IX: Neurologic Disorders


96. Coma scales


97. Seizures and status epilepticus


98. Spinal cord injury


99. Intracranial hypertension


100. Lower motor neuron disease


101. Tetanus


102. Hepatoencephalopathy


103. Vestibular disease


104. Cerebrospinal fluid sampling

Part X: Infectious Disorders


105. Sepsis


106. Septic shock


107. Gram-positive infections


108. Gram-negative infections


109. Fungal infections


110. Viral infections


111. Canine parvovirus


112. Endocarditis


113. Urosepsis


114. Necrotizing soft-tissue infections


115. Catheter-related bloodstream infection


116. Hematologic Disorders


117. Hypercoagulable states


118. Bleeding disorders


119. Thrombocytopenia


120. Anemia


121. Acute hemolytic disorders


122. Blood smear evaluation

Part XI: Intra-abdominal Disorders


123. Acute abdominal pain


124. Acute pancreatitis


125. Acute cholecystitis


126. Hepatitis and cholangiohepatitis


127. Hepatic failure


128. Gastroenteritis


129. Motility disorders


130. Gastrointestinal hemorrhage


131. Vomiting and Regurgitation


132. Diarrhea


133. Peritonitis


134. Gastric dilatation volvulus and bloat

Part XII: Urogenital Disorders


135. Acute renal failure


136. Chronic renal failure


137. Hemodialysis and Peritoneal dialysis


138. Urinary catheterization


139. Pyometra


140. Dystocia and Obstetric crises


141. Paraphimosis and priapism


142. Mastitis

Part XIII: Surgical and Postoperative Conditions


143. Preoperative evaluation of the critically ill patient


144. Postoperative evaluation of the critically ill patient


145. Post-craniotomy management


146. Portosytemic shunt management


147. Peritoneal drainage techniques-


148. Post-thoracotomy management


149. Post-cardiac surgery management


150. Post-cardio-pulmonary bypass management


151. Kidney transplantation

Part IV: Trauma


152. Traumatic brain injury


153. Thoracic trauma


154. Abdominal trauma


155. Abdominocentesis


156. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage


157. Wound management


158. Thermal burn injury


159. Electrical and lightning injuries


160. Massive transfusion

Part XV: Anesthesia and Pain Management


161. Pain and sedation assessment


162. Sedation of the critical patient


163. Anesthesia of the critical patient


164. Analgesia and continuous rate infusions


165. Complementary and alternative therapies

Part XVI: Miscellaneous Disorders


166. Hypothermia


167. Heat stroke


168. Anaphylaxis


169. Near drowning


170. Fat embolism


171. Tumor lysis syndrome


172. Ocular disease in the intensive care unit


173. Air embolism


174. Critical pediatric patients


175. Critical geriatric patients

Part XVII: Pharmacology


176. Vasoactive catecholamines


177. Vasopressin


178. Antihypertensives


179. Nitroglycerin


180. Diuretics


181. Gastrointestinal protectants


182. Anti-emetics


183. Neuromuscular blockers


184. Narcotic agonists and naloxone


185. Benzodiazepines and flumazenil


186. Anticonvulsants-


187. Anticoagulants


188. Thrombolytic agents


189. Digoxin


190. Antidysrhythmic agents


191. Beta blockers


192. Inhaled medications


193. Complications of chemotherapeutic agents


194. Principles of antimicrobial use


195. Penicillins and cephalosporins


196. Aminoglycosides


197. Fluoroquinolone


198. Macrolides


199. Antifungal therapy


200. Miscellaneous antibiotics

Part XVIII: Monitoring


201. Daily assessment of the critical patient


202. Nutritional assessment


203. Hemodynamic monitoring


204. Urine output


205. Colloid osmotic pressure and osmolality


206. Intraabdominal pressure


207. Capnography


208. Blood gas and oximetry monitoring


209. Intracranial pressure monitoring


210. Sedation monitoring


211. Electrocardiogram evaluation


212. Cardiac output monitoring

Part XIX: Mechanical Ventilation


213. Basic mechanical ventilation


214. Advanced mechanical ventilation


215. Jet ventilation


216. Care of the ventilator patient


217. Discontinuing mechanical ventilation

Appendix

Conversion tables

Calculations and continuous rate infusions

Reference ranges

Management of the critical care unit